I live 60 degrees northern latitude in a country with bad suicide statistics and the winters do get pretty harsh on you mentally. And there's still millions of people living norther than I do.
Highest suicide rates occur during the spring, around the vernal equinox not around the darkest time of the year. If you've never experienced the northern spring where each day is 10+ minutes longer than the previous, you'll never understand it. It just fucks up your mind in ways that are hard to describe.
My kitchen psychology thinks the high suicide rates in the spring may be related to the fact that people around you start to get more positive and active (some too much so) but if you're suffering from a bad depression, seeing that around you will make it worse.
It's not just suicides that peak. It also affects breakup/divorce rates as well as forming new relationships. It probably affects professional careers too, but I don't know if there are stats about it.
The long, dark winters and the rapid change that follows brings out some very primal sides. That being said, I'd recommend travel to the extreme latitudes around the solstices, both of them.
side note: we have about 15 hour long days at the moment. It's still pretty dark at night but I can't wait for the summer when you can see the sunset and sunrise at the same time if you look to the north at around midnight... it's magical.
I live at 60 degrees also, and I agree with everything you said.
The cold didn't bother me at all, even though I'm from a hot country originally. I rode my bike to work every day of the year in fact, even in -45C. I loved it. It's like being on another planet in it's beauty and differences.
Like you said, it was always in late winter/early spring that I'd loose it a little. I'd grab a burger and beer after work, then somehow two weeks would go by where I had done that every day, with lots and lots of beer, and I wouldn't really know how it happened.
The key for my was to always, always get outside at midday when the sun it out and get it on your face. Even on the coldest days I always go for a walk along the river to marvel at the beauty and get the sun on my face - that's a luxury of not being further North, the sun actually comes up and I can have it directly on my face.
And to get moving after work. Eat dinner then go snowshowing, x-country skiiing or whatever for at least a couple of hours. It's nice to get into this habit before winter really hits in Oct/Nov, then keep it up. It's amazing to be out there in -45C with a headlamp, the stars and of course it's how you get to see the Northern lights more often than not.
Of course, in summer, I get home from work, eat dinner then go mntn biking/hiking/fishing/whatever until 2am in the beaming sunshine. I call it two days for the price of one.
Whitehorse, perhaps? I've read that Whitehorse has the highest rate of bicycle commuters. I can't fathom how that's possible, given the winters, and the fact that it's not particularly dense -- yeah, things aren't THAT far apart, but far enough that bicycling doesn't seem like the first choice in the winter.
Whitehorse is a mecca for people that are seriously into outdoor pursuits, so it makes sense that so many people want to ride to work.
When you live there, the winter is not a reason to not go outside. On the contrary, it often makes going outside easier because all the lakes and rivers are frozen, so you can explore very far and wide which you can't do in the summer due to lack of roads.
So riding to work in the winter makes perfect sense :)
Also, downtown is fairly small. From the farthest reaches of "downtown" to anywhere you'd be working is a max of 45 minutes on a bike. Most commutes are more like 15-30 mins. Though lots of people live 30-45 minutes by car out of town, which is not doable in the winter. Riding on the AK highway in winter is not an option, the plowing is not good enough.
When people are really depressed, they don't kill themselves. Because they have no energy to.
Once they go on antidepressants, they go on suicide watch. It's the most dangerous time. Because they'll still be depressed, but they'll finally have the energy to get up. And they just might have the energy to do themselves in.
> Once they go on antidepressants, they go on suicide watch. It's the most dangerous time. Because they'll still be depressed, but they'll finally have the energy to get up. And they just might have the energy to do themselves in.
Not sure if you can really generalize this much. There are several studies studying the effect of antidepressants on suicide rates, and it's true that some of them seem to lead to more suicides but it's far from being something that you can categorize like that.
I'd also wager there are lots of suicides that could be avoided if people got the medical attention they needed on time.
Warfangle is correct, I was warned specifically about this when I started treatment. When you go on an SSRI, your fatigue lifts before your mood does, which can lead to a few dangerous weeks.
Can confirm, "my" SNRI's package insert (it is about one meter long, in small print) warns that when starting treatment there's an increased risk of suicidal thoughts/suicide, especially in people under 25.
Fun fact: The package insert also states: "It isn't completely clear how antidepressants work, but they can help increase the Serotonin and Noradrenaline levels in the brain." Very confidence-inspiring :-/
> Fun fact: The package insert also states: "It isn't completely clear how antidepressants work, but they can help increase the Serotonin and Noradrenaline levels in the brain." Very confidence-inspiring :-/
Well at least it's fair. The chemistry of the brain is still very poorly understood.
Note that many drugs were discovered to have effects before we knew HOW to explain why they work.
This is admittedly anecdata, but a close member of my family just committed suicide this week, after starting SSRIs a few weeks earlier.
The family saw a therapist for counseling (not the therapist responsible for the SSRIs) yesterday and her opinion was that prescribing an SSRI without an accompanying mood stablizier was extremely risky. There's certainly a contingent of mental health workers who feel this is a real risk.
Simultaneously, a different member of the family has been on SSRIs under her primary care provider's oversight alone - something we finally convinced her was a bad idea. I wonder how common this practice has become, and if it's contributed to the overall increase in U.S. suicide rates.
They often lead to more suicides _at the beginning of treatment_, but less suicides in the long run.
That's why hospitalization is often necessary when beginning treatment for depression when that depression includes suicidal ideation, but is not necessary for the duration of treatment.
It would be helpful to mention that the antidepressants of which you speak are SSRI's. A rare set of non-SSRI antidepressants, like Tianeptine,[0] do not have this deleterious effect.
I actually have the opposite reaction to the spring. When I get 5+ minutes extra per day of light, I'm ecstatic, happy all the time. October and November are always brutal on me.
I'm only at 43-ish these days, but I've lived as far north as Edinburgh, Scotland (56ish). I had to explicitly get outside every day at lunch to get as much sun as I could.
Seasonal Affective Disorder is apparently a real thing.
Living in NY, which is not even that far north, I always peak in feeling great in October and then I just completely go to shit after the clocks change in Nov. This week, it has been beautiful everyday, and I've been outside a lot as a result, and I feel amazing! We are still at the mercy of the sun.
Growing up in TX, though, I never really gave this kind of stuff much of a thought. The sun and humidity are so oppressive, that you spend half the year wishing it would go away, and winters are finally relaxing and time to be outdoors.
This year, however, with the results of El Niño, it has been incredibly mild fall and winter and quite sunny. I did not as a result suffer any seasonal depression. Many others who do get SAD every year have reported the same.
> Highest suicide rates occur during the spring, around the vernal equinox not around the darkest time of the year.
If you don't take vitamin D pills or consume (lots of) cod liver oil, then your vitamin D levels will be lowest in the spring. If I remember correctly, at around 60 degrees north, you have to wait until the end of April until you get vitamin D from the sun.
Rhonda Patrick talks about vitamin D quite bit (she is awesome). I'm coming up empty on seasonal relationships but it would surprise me if she hasn't mentioned something about it.
It does make sense though. If you're not taking supplements and the sun isn't direct enough to make any on your own until late April then late spring would be the longest point in the year you've gone without proper sunlight.
It's coldest about 30 minutes into dawn. Spring suicides could just because the new amount of daylight has yet to have enough impact to reverse the depression of the dark winter.
I especially recommend visiting St. Petersburg during the summer. It's on that same latitude so you get nights that don't go dark and the whole city celebrates. They're called "White Nights" and there's a "White Night Festival"[1] but really, the fascinating part is how the whole city (or at least the city center) comes alive during those nights.
I love, love, love Greenland. Best place I have ever been to. When I was spending time in Tasiilaq, I was told that the breakdown happened because of the fallout from the Greenpeace activities against seal clubbing in Canada. This destroyed the market for fur products and led to social welfare from Denmark and alcoholism.
Anyway, when in Greenland it is politically correct to eat seal and whale, once you find out how they are hunted and how the population cherishes the animals.
The coolest thing about Greenland was that the museums had no tools for warfare. Conflicts between people in Greenland were carried out by people playing drums and 'rapping' their cause in a song duel. If you had the laughs and opinions on your side, the person who 'lost' received sled dogs and food and was let go. I wish this could be used for all conflicts around the world.
Seeking whale meat to tourists is completely against the spirit of subsistence whaling, and the reason Greenland lost its official whaling quota in 2013.
I'm thinking of visiting, but there's no way I'll be eating whale.
In rural areas when you get invited, often there is nothing else to eat. You don't get a menu. Most days you eat Seal (cooked for 5 hours). No side veggies. No spices.
I do know that there were restaurants in Nuuk and Ilulissat selling whale meat on the menu. I guess mostly to Japanese customers, if you know the popularity of restaurants in Osaka or Tokyo selling whale meat. That is of course against the conditions of Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling.
I can't help thinking that if all world conflicts were resolved by rap battle, the US would be even more belligerent. What? You thought the East Coast versus West Coast divide was bad? Marijuana as export-controlled munitions? Colonel D-o-double-g and General Dre?
This is a little far off-topic from arctic suicides, but I just can't resist.
Bush I: Oh, hello, Sad-um, I didn't see you sitting there. / But isn't this where / Kuwait used to be? I can see, maybe, / you got a little lost on your way to the market, / but driving 'round a tank, there's just never anywhere to park it / is there? / I'm a'let you finish, 'fore your mic starts gettin' mossy, / Just wait a couple minutes as I introduce my posse. / Hit it, Jaber.
Jaber III: Howdy, neighbor. Sure is good to see ya visit. / Err'body 'round here know you just a whiz at / throwing a party, / but ain't nobody like the guy that's fartin' / in the punch bowl.... / Hang on, slow down, I think I'm feelin' dizzy. / Gotta pass my mic to MC Saad, up in this hizzy.
Saad: Saddam, my man. Together on the stage at last. / Allow me to express my rage at the actions of your dumb ass. / This is my house, and you disrespectin' me? / Time to take your friends and make your exit, please. / Git gone, sucka.
Hussein: Y'all betta chill 'fore this come to a boil. / I'm only here 'cause I'm followin' my oil. / You don't think I saw your drilling rigs take / they straws out to drink my effin' milkshake? / You drink it right up. / And I'm a'gonna light up / your ears, with my rap of justice / as we discuss this / slant drillin' across my border. / You gonna need to order / a giant check, and put my name / on it, and there betta be the same / number of zeroes that I'm expectin'. / Cuz I don't need a phone to call on you, collectin'.
The section talking about contagion was interesting. What follows is pure speculation on my part and a bit of a ramble.
I believe many mental illnesses, depression, suicidal behavior and anorexia among them, can be characterized as contagious. And perhaps some other things that aren't usually described as mental illnesses. The border between belief, religion and mental illness seems a bit fuzzy (echoes of Snow Crash). Small isolated communities must be much more susceptible to contagion taking hold, as single events have a great sway over perceptions, and there are few connections with a larger world to normalize things.
Charles Stross said something about the internet that stuck with me: "the accidental invention of telepathy". Just like public water supplies opened up new vectors for diseases such as cholera, I wonder if the internet's ability to more or less put minds directly in touch can facilitate the spread of certain mental illnesses. Consuming unfiltered internet might be looked on in a few years like drinking unsterilized water. In particular, I wonder if certain "echo chamber" social websites that allow easy isolation from mainstream opinion (Tumblr and 4chan, I'm looking at you) might be analogous to these dangerous isolated communities.
This is a very interesting thought process. Tumblr and 4chan in my mind are extreme examples of the unsterilised Internet you refer to....
> Consuming unfiltered internet might be looked on in a few years like drinking unsterilized water
For the last year or so I've decided to avoid news outlets as much as possible. So I've updated my Reddit subscriptions to remove anything that might be a news channel, I no longer frequent the BBC news website, and avoid newspapers and TV news as best I can.
The constant fear mongering and general bad news is at times overwhelming but oftentimes just unnecessarily miserable (IMO). It's like being given a long list of problems you can't do anything about. So I've decided to simply switch it off.
I would much prefer your approach where my news could somehow be "sterilised", taking out anything that is overtly negative leaving only factual stories (e.g. business, technology and so on).
I have my very own opinion on people who refuse to perceive the reality of the human mind.
If one has trapped himself in such a bubble, he/she is unfit to really communicate with other human beings, lead endeavor of complex composed groups and manage endeavors going into crisis situations.
Please, if you ever form a team, state your perception of the species ahead of time, so people know what they are in for.
The negative is a building block of reality, it has to be seen, it has to be handled, worked with, contained and used. One should not work as director if one is unable to communicate and take the company of for example bipolar people. Please don't take this as a insult.
I just think your way of not viewing the world is dangerous and should be made obvious via disclaimer. Which in a way you have made with this post, so please do this in future conversations.
"I believe many mental illnesses ... can be characterized as contagious."
I can believe that.
Social cognition, attachment theory, mirror neurons, etc.
Swarm Intelligence has (for its time?) a great primer on social cognition, how our brains resonate with each other, how children use their parent's brains and emotions to regulate their own, etc. http://www.swarmintelligence.org/SIBook/SI.php
I lived with a paranoid schizophrenia. It started making me crazy too. Took months to shake that off.
And I can definitely confirm that anxiety is contagious, from personal experiences.
There are certainly communities that "explain" the behaviors of mental illnesses in a way that don't help people who are at risk but instead drives them even more into the illness - i.e. certain extreme conspiracy boards, esoterics sites or misguided bulimia "self-help" groups. For sites like that, I agree.
However, as for groups which just represent off-mainstream subculture I don't see it. Well, technically they are of course "contagious" - that's how transmitting culture and ideas work. But not every bad idea or weird subculture is already a mental illness. I would think "sterilizing" the internet by taking away all "contagious" sites would not just rob it one of its core identities, but would also present serious free-speech and censorship issues as the criteria for being "sterile" don't seem clear-cut at all to me.
Or to make an example, many opinions on HN aren't mainstream either. What would make HN a safe site to visit, but Tumblr not?
Let's say that magic is real, OK? Magic actually works. Science hasn't noticed it yet because psychologists don't get network effects and don't have the data sets. But let's say this is the case.
That means words have power. Certain words and phrases, repeated in the right way, perceived in the right way, will get people real sick. Names and labels have even more power. The right name can change people, give them a new identity. They change the way people see themselves, how they behave.
Some websites, some communities, are chronic incubators of the bad kind of magic. Enough exposure to it and you'll start having bad thoughts, you'll get depressed, withdraw from society, maybe start giving a harmful kind of name to yourself, maybe hurt yourself or other people. Sure, the boundary between mental illness and not-a-mental illness is vague, and maybe subject to abuse (just ask the Russians). But some stuff is unquestionably both contagious and harmful.
We just have to be careful not to get exposed to bad juju out there.
We don't have to sterilize every water source on the planet. Some people like drinking out of rivers. But we'd be crazy not to treat our water for obvious bugs.
But it does mean we should be prudent about what we're consuming, and what our families are taking in. And if you were a government, you'd be tempted to do some harm-benefit analysis. You could say that free speech isn't an absolute, and promoting, say, bulimia or terrorism carries great harm and should be minimized, as many governments do.
Well, good thing then that magic probably isn't real - and that we actually do have a lot of knowledge about the real effects of words and ideas on people.
But anyway, the usual counter-arguments to censorship "for your own safety" apply, whether you name it censorship or "sterilization" or anything else.
For example, what would be the "obvious bugs" in that case? As I agree that certain communities can be harmful to certain groups of people and I would agree to blocking - because there is an established body of psychological literature that can tell you why and how those things are doing harm. And even in those cases it's not always clear-cut.
(Such sites are already being blocked in a number of countries btw, for example germany.)
But the parent poster was talking about Tumblr and 4chan. They think those sites are "contagious", I think they are not. So who would decide? And what about other cultures? If you ask an iranian or chinese official, they would tell you that the western media are highly contagious and harmful. Shouldn't we block those as well then? Or whatabout showing Saw in our cinemas? Is that good for the mental health?
So far the western strategy in those matters was to give freedom priority and instead strengthen the immune system of the individuals (to keep using that metaphor). And I don't see a good reason to change that.
A few years ago when my anxiety, depression and agoraphobia peaked one of the things that terrified me about talking about it to anyone was the way I'd managed to "logically rationalise" it to myself - I was literally scared of infecting friends with my ideas because even though a part of me knew it was stupid and broken beliefs, I was still capable of entirely justifying them. The fact I'm usually a strong minded person who's good at talking people round to my way of thinking only made this idea more troubling.
Whenever I read about tribal communities coming into modernity, I can't help but think that our "first-world" culture gets a lot wrong. These communities seem to have a deep sense of narrative--you're a part of a greater cultural story, a spiritual story that's connected with place, nature, and family. There is a journey laid out for you rich with sacrament (e.g. the rite of passage to become an Inuit hunter in this article). I can't help but feel that the modern world has lost this purposeful way of life. In the modern world, we're really left up to our own devices to figure out where we fit in and what we find meaningful. Would love to hear other's thoughts.
I recently read Sapiens by Yuval Harari, and this is a recurring theme in the book. "Collective fictions" throughout human history, the different forms of these myths, and how they help a society grow, or need to change as one does grow.
One sort of related example is local religions versus universal, missionary religions. The majority of religions in history have been local and exclusive. Deities such as nature/animal spirits and the like, other tribes may have their own spirits in their own regions, and there is no need to convert people outside of your regions. But the most successful religions are ones are universal and missionary; they believe that their religion is affects everyone, regardless of whether they believe it (and is often the only true religion), and that for some reason, it is beneficial to convert others to your religion.
Ideas like money, capitalism, art, really anything not essential to the biology of humans, are such "fictions", and the most successful (from any evolutionary standpoint) societies are the ones that have or adapt the most effective "fictions" for their societies. I guess to put it in HN terms, "how scalable are your beliefs?"
A lot of the old ways we've lost touch with, or never had, aren't helpful to modern society. A hunting trip in which you become a man doesn't amount to much in a society with mega-farms, slaughter mills and processed foods that don't expire immediately. Instead, our equivalent goals would be like "get a degree, get another degree, get a job". You're an adult when you're old enough to vote, and so on.
There's a lot of other topics as well, but that's what stuck with me the most and my interpretation of it. It's fascinating to think about.
The Romans conquered many peoples with different local myths, but they incorporated them into the empire by mapping the local deities to their Olympian canon, forming joint entities as targets of worship and devotion. This seems to be a tolerant and scalable approach, given a universe of various polytheisms based on nature, which helps ensure a viable mapping exists.
Monotheism has a lot to answer for. It began with Judaism, which has a certain exclusivity, but does not take the missionary position of universal adoption and conversion. It is surely the descendants, Christianity and Islam, where the polarizing missionary zeal of crusade and jihad has caused a lot of trouble. While many religions practice ostracism for the non-believer, only Islam insists on death to the apostate, who is seen as a traitor by definition, even without any further subversive or mutinous action.
Unfortunately, the doctrinaire and totalitarian proselytizing religions seem to have been quite scalable and successful. The Reformation and the Enlightenment have successfully turned back the tide of Catholicism in the West, but the challenge to Islam has yet to really get started.
Given the exploding demographics of the relevant parts of south Asia, Middle East and Africa, that future struggle gets harder by the hour. Indeed, it is the intensive demographic success of the subjugation of women and the rejection of contraception that has propelled these expansive conquering religions through history. It seems very likely that Japan and Russia will decline in population (no immigration), Europe will be Islamized and North America will be (re-)Hispanized with Catholicism.
The Reformed and Enlightened might have liberated themselves into an evolutionary dead-end of personal choice, free from enslavement by community propaganda and intimidation, but ultimately just a fleeting moment of liberty before the incoming tide of ruthless and fertile monotheists.
The idea of efficient and scalable myths is interesting. Haven't heard of Sapiens but I'll definitely check it out. It's especially interesting in the context of this article--transitioning out of a local, exclusive belief system to a "scalable", universal culture must be very difficult for these Greenland villagers.
That's the idea -- that society is rigid whereas this one is open. Some people can't handle the openness, they just want somewhere to fit into.
Setting aside predictable culture clash, the fundamental issue is misaligned standards and expectations. Some communities need strong male leaders that everybody can orbit around, and there are none. They're all just trying to help people get by when there's more to life than just surviving -- it's about wanting more.
I agree. But I don't think it's "tribes" exactly that create the effect, it's sustainable subsistence living within a community. You will find a few people doing a variation of it in every bioregion on the planet. I just came across this[1] video about Satayama, a Japanese village. They're not eating whale blubber,
They're eating gourmet food and living in designer homes in paradise basically. Someone pointed me at Sepp Holzer the other day who is doing it in Austria[2]. There's a good chance someone is living that way within 100 miles of you.
What's interesting to me is that I believe we are less than a decade away from a time when AIs will be able to instruct you, step by step, how to live sustainably on just your own power, with maybe $1000 worth of financing and access to a tool lending network.
At that point a lot of "rules" of economics start to break down.
Know any "greater cultural stories" that don't involve obviously false claims about the supernatural, obvious structural oppression of entire categories of people, or obvious rationalization of exploitative power structures?
Fascinating long read, which gives a lot of insight in the struggles of daily life in these remote parts of our world.
And no, it's not just the dark that makes people commit suicide. Of the top 10 countries with the highest suicide rates, only Lithuania can be considered as having a somewhat gloomy winter. The rest of the countries all get more sunlight (Guyana, Suriname and Sri Lanka for instance) than the countries generally accepted as happiest in the world: Denmark (ironically, considering the story), Switzerland, Iceland and Norway.
> Fascinating long read, which gives a lot of insight in the struggles of daily life in these remote parts of our world
I find articles like this highly annoying. I see the headline, think "if it's not the darkness, I wonder what is" and click the link expecting to find the answer. Instead of the answer, however, I get a fluffy human-interest piece that I simply do not care about.
How about we stop with crap like this, I don't need to hear a story, just the facts please. I've wasted several minutes on this story and still have no clue what the real reason is.
> Like native people all around the Arctic — and all over the world — Greenlanders were seeing the deadly effects of rapid modernization and unprecedented cultural interference. [...] Between 1970 and 1980, the suicide rate there quadrupled to about seven times the U.S. rate (it's still about six times higher).
> Her observations are in line with something psychologists and sociologists think is fundamental to the causes of suicide in Greenland. When communities are disrupted, like Kangeq was, families start to collapse. There's an increase in alcoholism, child neglect and physical abuse, all of which are risk factors for suicide. Later, people who didn't get the love and support they needed as children find it difficult to cope with the routine heartbreak of dating, and a breakup becomes the final insult in a lifetime of hurt.
> find it difficult to cope with the routine heartbreak of dating
If there was one thing that my conservative culture had taught me better, It would be this. Even knowing this doesn't make the process any easier although there is some comfort in knowing that many others face this situation as well.
I suggest you just preface all your searches with wikipedia, then you won't have to hear a story.
That way, nothing needs to be stopped, and people like me who enjoy some context and humanity with their facts can continue to find excellent stories like this.
To be fair, the title doesn't say it will tell you why the suicide rate in Greenland is so high...
Fact is, it isn't completely clear why the rate is so high. Rapid modernization, decades of Danish control, a disappearing culture/way of life and lack of mental health facilities can all be named as factors.
Sorry were annoyed and feel like you've wasted your time on a well written, well researched human interest piece. And yes, sometimes you need to know just the bare facts. But do you really have to know the reasons behind the high suicide rate in Greenland? Or were you triggered by the headline? In that case a human interest story conveys the message a lot better than just the numbers. To me, Hacker News is about triggering curiosity about things that were previously unknown by me. Stories like these remind me that there is a world beyond choosing if I want soy milk or regular milk in my mochachino.
Suicidal ideation (as well as completed suicide, of course) is known to be higher in the indigenous peoples of Canada than in the white population. I have seen it advanced that the eskimo tradition of suicide by walking out into the wilderness if you're a burden on your family probably has something to do with this.
This is mildly in conflict with the finding that there's more suicide in Greenland in summer than in winter, but worth considering.
It might simply be that being from a hunting culture implies less squeamishness about killing and having the means readily to hand. It's obvious to suspect gun ownership as a factor.
Doctors have a very high suicide rate, and some of that is due to their knowledge and ability to kill themselves properly.
This is mildly in conflict with the finding that there's more suicide in Greenland in summer than in winter, but worth considering.
I've seen some theories that people in general don't commit suicide while under active hardship, but after the hardship lets up a bit and they have time to reflect on it.
Also relative hardship is far more important than absolute hardship. During the winter everybody is a bit miserable and under the weather so you don't stick out so much. When the summer comes and everybody but you cheer up the contrast becomes a lot more noticeable.
> I've seen some theories that people in general don't commit suicide while under active hardship, but after the hardship lets up a bit and they have time to reflect on it.
When suicide is driven by an established tradition of leaving so that your family doesn't starve, you really expect it to occur in winter. By the time the hardship is gone, so is the justification for suicide.
Maybe it has to do with the fact that people stay indoors more in the winter, thus being around other people more.
And yeah, this isn't a problem limited to Greenland. There has been a lot of news lately about the suicide strings at Attawapiskat. And Alaskan natives are twice more likely to commit suicide than non-natives.
>To be fair, the title doesn't say it will tell you why the suicide rate in Greenland is so high...
It is highly suggestive that it will though.
> Fact is, it isn't completely clear why the rate is so high.
Then why bother writing an article about it at all ?
> And yes, sometimes you need to know just the bare facts.
No, I always want just the bare facts. Anything else simply isn't relevant. You may call it "well researched human interest" I call it filler material. It feels like a high-school kid trying to make the minimum word count for an essay.
A short list of facts doesn't tell the whole story. They are barren and lack deeper context. They can be understood academically, but sometimes that is shallow, clinical, and doesn't reveal the true nature of something, just a simplistic, factoid level idea of it.
A story is a series of facts, but can provide a richer understanding sometimes, as one can build a cohesive picture in their mind.
Sounds like a pretty empty way to approach life. You've never considered that reading more around a subject than just the facts might open the way to greater insight? Or are you genuinely of the opinion that everything in life can be expressed in bullet point format?
Well facts are usually more difficult to arrive at than you apparently think.
Putting forward a hypothesis requires facts and a ton of "fluff." It seems to me that you're not actually interested in learning anything, you just want some factoids. Try the CIA Factbook.
I'm simply suggesting they structure the story different.
Begin with a short abstract in which you present your conclusions. Then follow up with how you arrived at that conclusion for people who want to go in-depth. Basically the way scientific papers are organised.
One way to be informed is to learn facts. Another way is to learn about how other people live, so that you can empathize with them, gain perspective on the lives they live, and then are better able to understand the context for those other facts you learn.
Fiction does more than entertain, the best fiction exercises our humanity in ways which might not be possible with nonfiction.
Nonfiction need not read like crop reports or scientific papers. The best analogy is to photography. Photography is by its nature nonfiction, and yet we recognize that all photographs are not equal. Some are beautiful, some are moving, some are dry and clinical. They all inform, but some do more.
>Instead of the answer, however, I get a fluffy human-interest piece that I simply do not care about. [...] How about we stop with crap like this, I don't need to hear a story, just the facts please. I've wasted several minutes on this story and still have no clue what the real reason is.
If you don't care for the lives affected by the phenomenon, then why would you be caring for the reason?
That's something even less important to know if one doesn't care about the effects.
> If you don't care for the lives affected by the phenomenon, then why would you be caring for the reason?
I'm interested in the mechanism, not some anecdotes about one or two specific people. I like complicated systems and how they work, this interest me because it could give me additional insight in how the human machine works.
I don't need to be interested traveling to be interested in how a plane stays in the air or how the engine of a car works.
> The rest of the countries all get more sunlight (Guyana, Suriname and Sri Lanka for instance)
Guyana and Suriname have severe problems with their post-colonial status, very low income contrasted by wealth shown by western mining companies and their employees, a very big problem with alcoholism and very bad perspectives for most (soldiers turning barkeepers because they don't get paid, police extorting people in lieu of a living wage etc). I think the same reasons the author listed for Greenland might apply to those countries too.
> The rest of the countries all get more sunlight (Guyana, Suriname and Sri Lanka for instance) than the countries generally accepted as happiest in the world: Denmark (ironically, considering the story), Switzerland, Iceland and Norway.
South Korea as well, its latitude roughly matches the northern half of Tunisia (Seoul's latitude is 37°33′N, Tunisia's northernmost city of Bizerte is at 37°16′N)
"The main cause of South Korea's relatively high suicide rate is due to the elderly's substantially high suicide rate, which is significantly dragging up the otherwise relatively low average rate. This is due to poor elderly people killing themselves not to be a burden on their families,..."
That said I find it much more cheerful going off somewhere sunny when it's Jan/Feb in London. Maybe they could lay on some charter flights to Bahia or somewhere.
I live in The Netherlands. One week of sunshine in February is by far the best cure for the winter blues. It gives you something to look forward to in the darkest days, and when you return it's almost springtime. Well, psychologically at least...
I'm from Lithuania and suicide is really a big problem here. It's being discussed much why it's happening in media as well as professionally, but there's no clear consent. Some key reasons that comes up most often:
1) Society changes. After breakup with USSR in 1990, all collective farms were dismantled and majority of industry closed or restructured what caused a lot of people lose jobs and forced to change profession. This was hard/impossible for some, especially older people, who were used to work the same job for years or even the whole life. In first years it was partly offset by the excitement of independence, but as years went by, excitement faded away and problems remained. Even bigger impact was the mental change that you are responsible for your and your family well being and there's no longer government that takes care of every aspect of life. Some people still can't wrap their minds about this fact and blame government everything. Also, there are very few jobs in smaller towns/villages, so those who could, already fled to cities or abroad and those who couldn't are doomed to poverty which leads to the second reason.
2) Alcoholism. Lithuanians, as most northlings, are overly serious (if you smiled to strangers, locals around usually look suspiciously or even aggressively) and prone to depression what combined witch financial difficulties many faces (caused by 1) often leads seeking relief in alcohol that worsens depression even further.
3) Identity crisis (not discussed very often, mostly my thoughts). We are still in transitional state, where no longer belong to east, but not yet fully converted to western way of life. We lack self-dependence, motivation, initiative and risk taking attributes common for democratic westerners and keep looking back for somebody to lead and hold hand (the same strong leader cult as in Russia today). We are like a teen who fled his parent's home -- don't know where to go and what to do.
These problems aren't unique and many post soviet countries have similar issues, though some simply cope with them better than others. Anyway I'm optimistic, because progress can be clearly seen in many areas (Lithuania has one of the fastest growing economies in EU) and many young people are doing better than their parents.
(personal impression, not a professional sociologist obviously :) Poland is more capitalistic/enterpreneural in spirit and they have strong nationalistic drive (the Poland state had been destroyed and Polish land&people divided between neighbors several times for pretty prolonged periods during recent several centuries, yet still the country gets back every time it gets a chance) - as 1990 in Lithuania statistics suggests nationalistic drive can be a pretty strong factor too. It was the place that revolted in 1980 against the socialism and USSR control. Lithuania are much more calmer in all respects (i have a part of extended family there). If you look at statistics by age https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Lithuania#Statistic... - it seems to be a typical mid-life crisis in a society without active vertical mobility.
When I saw the title I thought this was going to be about Canada. Suicide rates are extremely high in some aboriginal communities; in Attawapiskat for example, 5% of the residents have attempted suicide in the past year.
And I can't say that I really blame them. Attawapiskat is an extremely isolated community, with few jobs and no amenities. Kids growing up in Attawapiskat have nothing to look forward to. Those who leave the community have much lower rates of suicide, but given the memories of children being taken away from their families and forced into abusive residential schools, no politician in their right mind would dare to suggest that as an option. So they live out their lives in miserable isolation, waiting for their boredom to end; and some decide to speed along the process.
> Attawapiskat is an extremely isolated community, with few jobs and no amenities.
Thing is, like the towns in the post, these have always been "isolated communities with few jobs", but they used to be somewhat content. The difference is that they (like everyone else) are now bombarded with very powerful messages about rich and successful white people living in the Big City. They are basically getting constantly shamed for doing what their ancestors have done for generations. Those same powers of connectedness that can be so positive in certain cases (e.g. alienated small-town geeks finding accepting communities elsewhere) can often turn out to be trojan horses for cultural shaming.
This is a very powerful point. The proliferation and ease of access to media has made it orders of magnitude easier to compare oneself against others. And it's not the "average" that make it into the media (usually) but the rich and successful as you mention.
This is something I struggle with because a big reason why I've managed to do somewhat well in school and in my early career is because of being competitive and using comparison to fuel my work ethic.
As an entrepreneur, I've come to realize I can't persist that mindset. There's always going to be people raising money and getting acquired. I have to filter that noise out and focus on building something that people want.
They used to have plenty of jobs -- hunting, trapping, preserving meat, making clothes out of animal hides, etc.
To some extent, this should be a cautionary tale about the dangers of a universal basic income: Giving people enough money to prevent them from starving doesn't necessarily allow them to lead more meaningful lives.
While there is some of what you mention going on my personal experience having lived many years in northern Ontario, had many native friends and acquaintances and seen many different bands (some call them reserves) is that many are successful with their own schools, police forces, businesses, and land rental to outside businesses and cottagers but you never hear about the successful ones cause they got their shit together. Only the disasters make the news.
It's not necessarily an isolation issue. It's really a combination of despair in the young (they don't see a clear path to succeed in life while holding on to their identity), a cultural shift between the old holding on to past grievances and the young wanting to move on. And a serious lack of individual accountability from so-called adults. For example, First Nations have an astronomical rate of diabetes. The alcohol abuse stereotype, while not as prevalent as people think, is higher than in the general population. Band councils ban booze on their land but people smuggle it and others look the other way.
As a people they are walking a knife's edge trying to live in a modern world while holding on their ancestral ways of self governance and cultural identity. I could write more about this but it would be off topic.
I was struck by the comment by the woman who answered the suicide line: "Maybe I am giving them a little love."
I spent years answering the phone on a crisis line. Some people's problems just didn't seem that bad, yet they were overwhelmed nonetheless. Some people had such crushing burdens I was astonished they could even talk.
I didn't find it uplifting, in fact it drained me. I am astonished by her ability to do it for almost 20 years. I guess it was a form of catharsis for her as well.
When I was most depressed in life was mid-late teens. It's a rough time for everyone, really. The search for romantic love, or at least what you imagine it to be. All that. I had some really dark times, but fortunately I made it out.
It wasn't very long before I began to see that the periods of depression -- even though they felt really real at the time -- just didn't make sense. I'd keep a journal, and if I read it later (or, worse, tried to write the journal entry after the feeling had passed), none of it made sense. I mean, the words made sense, but the feelings didn't.
I wonder if part of what got me out of it was just learning to manage those times. I knew I felt terrible, but I also knew it didn't make sense, and that in 3 days I'd recognize how little sense it made. So I just had to ride it out.
Now in my mid 30s, I have some anxiety that nobody else can see, and it rarely troubles me. But it's the same pattern-- when it bothers me, I feel completely overwhelmed by the silliest little thing (or collection of things). Not only burdens that others wouldn't think twice about, but ones that I myself handle regularly without issue.
We've all got things we're incapable of dealing with. Everyone's limits are different. And I think, for everyone, they change all the time.
Where did you do this? Is there a high demand for volunteers? Is it easy to get started with? Is it common to do this work "remotely" or "on-call" by carry around a cell phone?
I did this in Boston back in the 1980s. At that time there was a shortage, but nevertheless they screened us and trained us and provided support services to us. No mobile phones; I would go there two evenings a week (we were all volunteers).
I did this first at my school, MIT (which didn't thank goodness, get suicide calls when I was there though there were suicides and we did get calls about the consequences) and later for the Boston area, where we did get actual suicide calls. I recently learned that MIT had shut down the service -- I don't know why.
If you're interested just look on the web for suicide prevention hotline and you'll find the name of an organization in your area. I don't if they still use volunteers or what these days. My experience is 30 years old.
The novel "Smilla's Sense of Snow" by Peter Høeg is in large part about the alienation and culture shock of an Inuit woman in Denmark.
P.S: I like the article's side bar about responsible reporting on suicide. That's forgotten far too often in the rush for gripping headlines and clicks.
This reminds me so much of Native American communities in America. Loss of culture, feelings of no hope, no jobs, no opportunities, it's one of the worst feelings to have. When there's nothing else to do, and no hope of things getting better, suicide seems like the easy option.
As someone who grew up in Tromsø, Norway (69 degrees northern latitude), I've always found the idea that long winters and depression go together a strange one (That's not to say there aren't a lot of people in Tromsø that struggle with sleep[1], or that there are no winter depressions).
As a counterpoint to this article's title (but not content, really), there was an interesting piece a while back about seasons and psyche:
TL;DR: Mindset matters. If you don't like winter, then a long dark winter isn't much fun: "The survey results indicated that wintertime mindset may indeed play a role in mental health and well-being in Norway. The Wintertime Mindset Scale had strong positive correlations with every measure of well-being we examined, including the Satisfaction with Life Scale (a widely used survey that measures general life satisfaction), and the Personal Growth Composite (a scale that measures openness to new challenges). The people who had a positive wintertime mindset, in other words, tended to be the same people who were highly satisfied with their lives and who pursued personal growth."
[1] On a somewhat related note, I highly recommend the Norwegian original film "Insomnia" (the basis for the American remake with Al Pacino): http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119375/
Didn't read past them hopping in a boat w rifles, but the novel 'From the Mouth of the Whale' by Icelandic author Sjón is a serious dive into an Arctic psyche. Highly recommended.
I can't imagine how much hard work needed to put this story out to people...great journalism.. Also I wish situation in greenland improves in futurw...
Just by looking at the title it brought to my mind "The Thing". ;)
See also this trailer, which I like a lot: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwNoqgg474s (not the original movie, not the remake - but a StarCraft 2 mod allowing to play a mafia/werewolf-style game).
This is wrong and have nothing to do with "successful white people" and quite frankly your remark is racist.
Their ancestors were hunters and this gave them purpose in life as well as good diet which led to much happier life. Now they have nothing to do except watch TV and sit on their couch and eat bad food. Of course they are unhappy, you would be too.
You ruined this thread by tossing in an inflammatory "racist", thereby knocking it off-topic and making it a flamewar at the same time. Please don't do this on Hacker News.
Pretty much the worst thing a comment can do here is take a specific discussion about something factual and turn it into a generic one about something ideological. I'm sure you didn't mean to produce that undesired result, but because the mechanism is predictable, it can and should be scrupulously avoided.
Bad food and TV didn't materialise out of thin air, they are part and parcel of that cultural bombing I was talking about.
I struggle to see how it's racist to admit that white people traditionally own and define the mainstream culture of places like Denmark and Canada. You cannot fix a problem if you don't admit you have one; the main problem here is that modern mainstream white capitalist culture (to which I belong and partake) might not necessarily suit all environments and all communities, and we have to find ways around that.
EDIT: note that I don't have anything against "successful white people", I'm just pointing out that our culture constantly sends out messages saying you should be like (some of) them, which might not be the best course of action in all situations. Zuck himself does not tell the media to glorify him, but they do it anyway; he might not be the best role model for the average not-white, not-male, not-Californian, not-Stanford-attending, not-programming-passionate person though, and when a lot of these not-zuck-like people see the Zuck-worshiping, they get a metaphorical kick in the teeth. Same for Hollywood celebs and so on. This is what I meant.
I can't speak to the Danish and Canadian media, but the American media also glorify Barack Obama, Malala Yousafzai, Amit Singhal, Russell Wilson, Chris Rock, the Dalai Lama, Beyoncé, Bruno Mars, Prince, etc. Also the only major motion picture depicting Zuck makes him look like kind of an asshole.
Redefining words like Racism is a common tactic of social activists to create an in-group and "all the other idiots". I reject that artificial redefinition.
We all understand racism. Its when somebody puts somebody else down based solely on their race. That's it. The other stuff has other names, like "institutional racism" for instance.
Getting upset about the definition of words when they don't fit your privileged view of the world is a common tactic of those in places of privilege when equality seems to attack their base of privilege.
You don't understand racism at all. That's not even the dictionary definition of it. Any of the dictionary definitions of it.
Racism is believing that one race is superior and basing the oppression of other races upon that belief.
Thus, the oppressed cannot be racist. They can be intolerant or bigoted or any of many other things; but they cannot be racist because they are not coming from a position of privilege to even be able to oppress.
I'll bite: it seems like you don't understand racism at all, either.
A society split in "race-based" groups that co-operate towards common goals on an equal basis is still "racist". There are no oppressed and no oppressors, but the concept of "race" is still built-in and hence produces a racist society. (For the record, there are several examples of this sort of approach in history, some even ongoing.)
The only way to avoid this trap is to reject the concept of "race" as anything that you can meaningfully define. This has to be done by everyone, be them oppressed or otherwise.
>"win" arguments when they don't understand your new terminology
Let me try
You don't understand oppression at all. Oppression is when you put flower petals between pages of a book to flatten them. Thus, humans cannot be oppressed.
Highest suicide rates occur during the spring, around the vernal equinox not around the darkest time of the year. If you've never experienced the northern spring where each day is 10+ minutes longer than the previous, you'll never understand it. It just fucks up your mind in ways that are hard to describe.
My kitchen psychology thinks the high suicide rates in the spring may be related to the fact that people around you start to get more positive and active (some too much so) but if you're suffering from a bad depression, seeing that around you will make it worse.
It's not just suicides that peak. It also affects breakup/divorce rates as well as forming new relationships. It probably affects professional careers too, but I don't know if there are stats about it.
The long, dark winters and the rapid change that follows brings out some very primal sides. That being said, I'd recommend travel to the extreme latitudes around the solstices, both of them.
side note: we have about 15 hour long days at the moment. It's still pretty dark at night but I can't wait for the summer when you can see the sunset and sunrise at the same time if you look to the north at around midnight... it's magical.